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Caption transcript for In The Footsteps of The Rabbi From Tarsus (2020): “Timothy and Titus” (8/8)

• 00:00 ♪♪♪
• 00:03 David Hart: Welcome to "Our Jewish Roots," with insightful
• 00:07 Bible teaching by Dr. Jeffrey Seif.
• 00:10 This week, we look at the final letters written by Paul, as we
• 00:13 follow "In the Footsteps of the Rabbi from Tarsus."
• 00:18 ♪♪♪
• 00:28 ♪♪♪
• 00:31 [horse whinnying]
• 00:33 ♪♪♪
• 01:17 David: Thank you so much for joining us today.
• 01:18 I'm David Hart.
• 01:20 Kirsten Hart: I'm Kirsten Hart.
• 01:21 Jeffrey Seif: And I am Jeffrey Seif, and we are collectively
• 01:24 looking at the last days of Paul.
• 01:26 Kirsten: Yes.
• 01:28 David: This is the last program in our series.
• 01:29 Jeffrey: Yes.
• 01:31 David: Tell us kind of where we're at now in this program.
• 01:33 Jeffrey: We have followed him all over the place, through
• 01:35 abysmal circumstance, through agonies and ecstasies.
• 01:38 David: Through a lot of travels too.
• 01:40 Jeffrey: A lot of travels but he's not moving around so much.
• 01:42 He's jacked up by the police and he's in trouble.
• 01:44 He still cares about his friends.
• 01:46 He reaches out to those whom he mentors, great guy.
• 01:49 Kirsten: So we're looking at Timothy and Titus today, is
• 01:51 that correct?
• 01:53 Jeffrey: Yes, yes, Paul cared about these individuals.
• 01:54 Paul writes to communities, the Corinthians and everything,
• 01:58 but he writes to individuals too.
• 02:01 Kirsten: More about that, right, coming up.
• 02:02 Jeffrey: That personal touch.
• 02:03 David: Dr. Seif is in Ephesus right now on location.
• 02:06 Let's go there.
• 02:07 ♪♪♪
• 02:11 Jeffrey: His name is Flavius Furius Aptheos.
• 02:17 I've renamed him, however.
• 02:20 I call him Flavius Luxurious Aptheos and the reason why is
• 02:24 because he lived in the lap of luxury and here we are in his
• 02:31 atrium right now, a home right off the major thoroughfare in
• 02:37 ancient Ephesus.
• 02:40 There's a market outside and a road that goes to the harbor.
• 02:44 Paul would have frequented these places as would have others.
• 02:47 Beyond that then, we have in proximity here, we have the
• 02:52 proconsular residence, just adjacent to this home.
• 02:57 Here, this atrium had rooms round about, bedrooms, dens,
• 03:01 dining rooms, used for other reasons.
• 03:03 It was a magnificent structure in its day.
• 03:06 And in its day, that is rewinding the tape back to the
• 03:10 ancient world, it was in that day when the rabbi from Tarsus
• 03:16 said, "Listen, I'm heading to Macedonia," which is northern
• 03:20 Greece, but he said to Timothy, "Listen, I'm urging you, stay in
• 03:26 Ephesus, and help the qahal there, help the congregation
• 03:30 there, to get the story straight."
• 03:33 You know, before you get the story out, you gotta get the
• 03:35 story straight.
• 03:38 So Paul commended individuals to the task of teaching.
• 03:40 And his writings were commended for posterity in written form,
• 03:45 hence you have the gathering of the New Testament corpus.
• 03:47 I want you to look please with me in chapter 1, verse 3, of
• 03:52 1 Timothy where he tells him, "As I urged you when I went into
• 03:56 Macedonia--remain in Ephesus that you may charge some that
• 04:02 they teach no other doctrine."
• 04:05 In fact, there were some that really had Paul disconcerted.
• 04:08 He mentions in verse 19, "There were some that have rejected a
• 04:12 good faith and conscience," and he says they have, quote,
• 04:15 "suffered shipwreck of their faith."
• 04:19 And it's interesting, there's a harbor right down the street
• 04:20 here, so the analogy of a boat that crashes against the rocks
• 04:24 and falls, this for him is analogous to a Christian that
• 04:28 lets their hull be breached with poor understandings.
• 04:32 And how ought we to live?
• 04:34 What ought we to do if one names the name of the Lord?
• 04:37 He says in chapter 2, verse 1-- and this is, I think, a fitting
• 04:41 place to make this point.
• 04:44 He says, "I exhort first that supplications and prayers
• 04:48 et cetera be made for all men," and then he notes, "kings and
• 04:52 all who are in authority, that we might lead a quiet and
• 04:56 peaceable life."
• 04:58 So in effect, when Paul writes Timothy who stayed in Ephesus,
• 05:02 he says, "Listen, encourage these people to pray for the
• 05:05 people that live in this house right here."
• 05:07 I can assure you Timothy didn't live here.
• 05:09 But this house and this ruin is built atop.
• 05:12 This is the ancient administrative center of the
• 05:15 ancient world.
• 05:16 And he says, "Listen, pray for peace," and a reason why he does
• 05:19 that in part is because if you'll go to Luke's testimony,
• 05:23 the 19th chapter, when Paul came to Ephesus, there was an uproar.
• 05:28 There was a riot because people were coming to faith, they were
• 05:31 changing the lifestyle that was threatening the economy, and the
• 05:35 merchants got together who were manufacturing idols and various
• 05:38 religious paraphernalia to another religious persuasion.
• 05:41 They got upset because people were disavowing all of that.
• 05:45 And they filled up the theater right down the street here and
• 05:47 there was a big uproar.
• 05:50 And the thing swelled out of control and then a fella gets up
• 05:52 and says, "Listen, we are guilty of disorder here.
• 05:56 There are proconsuls."
• 05:58 He says the courts are open, the proconsuls sit.
• 06:02 They adjudicate and it's interesting, this is where
• 06:04 the proconsul was.
• 06:06 Here we are in ancient Ephesus, and here Paul is encouraging,
• 06:09 "Pray for the leaders."
• 06:12 Well, Paul would encourage prayers for civil authorities.
• 06:15 Truth be known that Paul had no influence over the juridical
• 06:20 authorities and the broader culture.
• 06:23 He did, however, have influence about what happened in his own
• 06:25 house, the qahal, the congregation, the church.
• 06:29 When he wrote the Ephesians he had developed for them
• 06:32 the doctrine of the church.
• 06:34 It's why ecclesiology, the doctrine of the church, is so
• 06:36 very much developed in Bible colleges and seminaries using
• 06:39 the Ephesians text.
• 06:41 Well, when Paul writes to Timothy here, he exhorts for
• 06:46 there to be good magistrates within the church house and, to
• 06:50 that end, I want you to look please in chapter 3 of
• 06:53 1 Timothy, verses 1 and on and I want you to see what the rabbi
• 06:57 of Tarsus says about organization within the
• 07:00 Messianic synagogues, that is these congregations that are
• 07:04 very Jewish in their nature.
• 07:08 They believed that the Messiah has come and you'll see in a
• 07:10 moment how they're organized along Jewish lines.
• 07:13 The reason why I say that, if you look in chapter 3, verse 1,
• 07:15 he says, "This is a faithful saying: If a man desires
• 07:19 to be a bishop, he desires a good work.
• 07:22 And a bishop must be blameless and sober, not given to wine,
• 07:26 hospitable, et cetera."
• 07:28 He goes on.
• 07:29 There's a list there of virtues that he says are incumbent upon
• 07:31 a bishop.
• 07:33 Now, conceptually, let me say there's a problem here given to
• 07:35 the distance and culture.
• 07:37 When today we think of a bishop, we think of someone wearing a
• 07:39 purple shirt and a white collar, someone with--donning a big
• 07:42 vestment, a crown, in a cathedral, walking around with a
• 07:45 shepherd's crook.
• 07:47 This is a bishop.
• 07:49 We understand the expression "bishop," you get it from the
• 07:50 Greek "episcopus."
• 07:53 But it really comes from a pre-Christian employment.
• 07:58 The bishop in the New Testament sense here is comparable to the
• 08:02 zequnim in the synagogue.
• 08:05 Paul was a synagogue man.
• 08:07 And synagogues had elders that were called zequnim.
• 08:12 Zequnim comes from the Hebrew, zequn which means bearded one or
• 08:16 the wise.
• 08:18 There's an assembly of the elders and in Judaism it was
• 08:21 incumbent upon elders to be the husband of one wife, not given
• 08:24 to wine, just, hospitable, able to manage his own house,
• 08:27 et cetera.
• 08:29 Now, what's interesting, in looking to find stable leaders
• 08:31 for the church, Paul employs the same list of criteria that's
• 08:37 employed in the synagogue.
• 08:39 Paul was a member of the parushim, the pharisees.
• 08:42 He was a synagogue man.
• 08:43 So Paul's drawing from his own inventory of structural
• 08:50 mechanisms for organizing synagogue life and employing
• 08:53 them here into the new economy.
• 08:55 He then goes on to describe deacons, and he gives a list of
• 08:59 character requirements for deacons, a tad bit more
• 09:02 abbreviated than the previous.
• 09:04 And here again, deacons, you know, today people think of
• 09:06 deacons and it means different things to different people but
• 09:09 in Paul's day, synagogues had shamishim.
• 09:13 It comes from the Hebrew word for a servant.
• 09:15 I said all that to say this: that if you look at Paul, Paul
• 09:18 writes Timothy and he says, "Listen, I don't want things to
• 09:21 get out of control."
• 09:23 What happens is the waters were getting a little murky and here
• 09:26 I am in the residence of Flavius Furius Aptheos.
• 09:33 And this is a den here.
• 09:35 There was a fountain here.
• 09:37 Now, you know, if the waters are mixed and the fountain's
• 09:40 brackish, no one wants to drink from it.
• 09:42 What happens is the understanding amongst the early
• 09:45 believers was getting murky 'cause there was divergent
• 09:47 tellings and Paul told Timothy, "Clean out the water.
• 09:53 We've got to get this thing right, get it straight.
• 09:55 We need good leaders."
• 09:57 And what's interesting is the rabbi from Tarsus, in looking to
• 10:00 set up leaders for the church, employed the criteria for
• 10:04 leaders in Jewish synagogues.
• 10:06 ♪♪♪
• 10:18 male announcer: Our resource this week: The "Grafted-In
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• 10:49 Dr. Jeffrey Seif: I've gone all around the biblical world
• 10:52 to teach the Bible from a Jewish perspective.
• 10:55 Thank you for sending me there.
• 10:57 After I go there, I come back here.
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• 11:47 Do go to those sources, and thank you for going
• 11:49 with me on the journey down life's highway.
• 11:53 ♪♪♪
• 12:01 Jeffrey: As I walk along this ancient Roman road, I come here
• 12:07 by my right hand to a memorial to a famous Roman citizen
• 12:14 of the 1st century B.C.
• 12:18 In my left hand, I have a memorial to another famous
• 12:22 Roman citizen from the 1st century A.D.
• 12:27 and that citizen is Paul.
• 12:30 Before Paul went the way of all the earth, he wrote a few late
• 12:34 letters, one of which was the document to Titus that I wanna
• 12:38 consider with you, if you'll open up please to chapter 1,
• 12:43 verse 5, he says, "I left you in Crete, in order that you could
• 12:47 bring some stability to the congregations there."
• 12:51 He's looking for leaders.
• 12:53 He says in verse 6, "We're looking for someone
• 12:55 who's blameless."
• 12:57 Doesn't mean perfect as much as it underscores the importance of
• 13:00 someone with sterling resolution, someone who can
• 13:03 manage his household well, Paul says, doesn't seem unreasonable
• 13:07 that if a person can't manage himself well or his household
• 13:11 well, it raises questions to the extent to which he can be of
• 13:14 service to officiating in the church of God.
• 13:19 Paul goes on then to underscore the importance of him having a
• 13:22 good family.
• 13:24 Here, he turns to the ladies of the house.
• 13:26 Here, he says that women do well if they're sober and reverent
• 13:30 and chaste and they possess with these various good skills.
• 13:35 He says in verse 3, "We're fortunate if the older women
• 13:39 will likewise be reverent in behavior, not slanderers,
• 13:42 not given to wine."
• 13:45 And he says that "let these women admonish the younger ones
• 13:48 to love their husbands and their own children, to be discreet,
• 13:52 chaste, homemakers, good, obedient to their husbands, that
• 13:57 the Word of God may not be blasphemed."
• 14:01 As noted, we see that the rabbi from Tarsus is interested in
• 14:04 establishing good living.
• 14:06 For as much as the church is given to giving instructions
• 14:09 about getting into the next life, it seems that Paul was
• 14:12 given to giving instructions on how to live this one.
• 14:16 I believe it's important that as we walk in the footsteps of the
• 14:20 rabbi from Tarsus, we understand that here's someone who's a
• 14:24 rabbi who's giving instruction for the living of life and he
• 14:28 wants to establish communities where people can be raised up
• 14:32 to maturity and that is with the older men, the younger men,
• 14:37 you know, the older men serve the younger men, the older women
• 14:39 serve the younger women, et cetera.
• 14:42 He goes on to say in verse 11 that "the grace of God that
• 14:45 brings salvation to all men has appeared, teaching us that we'd
• 14:49 do well to deny ungodliness and to live soberly and righteously
• 14:55 and godly in this present age."
• 14:58 Again, let me underscore that the rabbi from Tarsus was very
• 15:03 worldly in the sense he was concerned with people living
• 15:07 right in this age, not just explaining the rite of passage
• 15:12 to the world to come.
• 15:14 And as a rabbi, he was practical 'cause he was interested in his
• 15:18 constituents having good success in life.
• 15:22 We would do well to remember that God cares about our life.
• 15:25 He came to give us an abundant life and a good life and we see
• 15:29 in the Titus document, the rabbi from Tarsus is underscoring
• 15:33 how important that is and so, as a rabbi does, he gives
• 15:37 instructions that we all do well to pay attention to.
• 15:42 ♪♪♪
• 15:51 Jeffrey: It has been said that the long arm of the pen reaches
• 15:55 beyond the grave, and the reason why that is because if someone
• 16:00 commends their thoughts to writing, that even when that
• 16:04 person dies, their persona lives on in the next generation.
• 16:10 The reason why I mention that is that here the rabbi from Tarsus
• 16:14 is putting pen to paper to write at the ragged edge of his own
• 16:20 grave, from a prison.
• 16:23 Now, he's been prisoned--imprisoned on more
• 16:25 than one occasion and typically he gives voice to an expectation
• 16:29 of a release but here, he has no such expectation because he
• 16:32 knows that the time of his end has come.
• 16:39 Resist it though we may, I understand it that sometimes we
• 16:42 know when this really is the season when it's time to give up
• 16:46 the ghost.
• 16:48 Well, when Paul writes this letter to 2 Timothy, this is
• 16:52 where he is at in life.
• 16:54 Again, at the ragged edge of life and what does he say?
• 16:59 He informs as much in chapter 4, verse 6.
• 17:02 He says, "I'm already at the point of death,
• 17:05 to be poured out."
• 17:08 And then he goes on to say, and I love the language,
• 17:10 he said, "I fought the fight, I've finished the race,
• 17:15 I've kept the faith."
• 17:19 The imagery is striking for a variety of reasons and, as I
• 17:23 follow in the footsteps of the rabbi from Tarsus, out here in
• 17:29 the Greco-Roman world, I'm reminded of how his imagery
• 17:34 resonates with Greco-Roman themes.
• 17:38 When Paul speaks of fighting the fight, remember previously he
• 17:42 had spoke of him not boxing aimlessly at the wind.
• 17:47 Previously he wrote, "We do not wrestle with flesh and blood."
• 17:52 Again, he uses that imagery of the Olympics.
• 17:57 Beyond that, here he speaks of running the race, again going
• 18:02 back to a favorite sport of the Greeks and then the Romans.
• 18:06 It's where we get the term, "to run a marathon," from an ancient
• 18:10 Greek race.
• 18:12 And here Paul has gone the distance and he finishes well.
• 18:18 One of the things that I've learned when it comes to
• 18:20 the Christian life is that a lot of people who begin the race,
• 18:24 don't finish it.
• 18:26 But here, Paul has a steady and strong finish as he crosses
• 18:29 the line.
• 18:32 But before he crosses, for a number of years he belongs
• 18:36 to humankind and then he fades away and belongs to history but
• 18:41 before he goes he writes to someone he knows and he shares
• 18:44 with him some things that he thinks to be very,
• 18:47 very, very important.
• 18:49 ♪♪♪
• 19:02 Jeffrey: His back was against the wall but he was still
• 19:05 moving forward.
• 19:07 We read in 2 Timothy, chapter 2, that as he's right up against
• 19:12 his own demise, he tells Timothy how to get the rise, how to move
• 19:18 forward, and let's look please in chapter 2.
• 19:20 See if we can get to the essence of what he's all about.
• 19:23 He says in chapter 2, verse 1, to Timothy, "You, my son, must
• 19:27 be strong in the Lord."
• 19:31 Timothy didn't have a father or, well, obviously, biologically he
• 19:34 did but he faded away shortly thereafter and Paul took the
• 19:37 young fella under his wing and now, with Paul's about to go,
• 19:41 Timothy would be particularly disconcerted but he encouraged
• 19:44 him to be strong, difficulties aside.
• 19:48 And then he gives a few analogies that I think are
• 19:51 worthy of commending.
• 19:53 It's what Paul told Timothy at the end of his days in prison
• 19:55 and we'd do well to hear 'em.
• 19:58 He says in verse 4 that "no one engaged in warfare gets involved
• 20:04 in civilian pursuits."
• 20:07 Arguably, he's playing against the mythic persona that the
• 20:13 Roman infantryman commended in ancient Greco-Roman culture.
• 20:19 The Greeks and the Romans both prided themselves with their
• 20:24 warrior class and, in Paul's day, the Roman legionnaire
• 20:28 commanded respect all over the Mediterranean.
• 20:32 They called it Mare Nostrum in Latin which means our sea
• 20:36 because they conquered it.
• 20:39 And the Roman infantrymen knew about discipline, focus, not
• 20:43 breaking rank, not fearing but endeavoring to be calm and work
• 20:48 together with the other soldiers and, above all, follow orders
• 20:52 and never ever, ever, ever retreat.
• 20:56 As Paul finishes his days, he writes Timothy to not wince back
• 21:02 in the face of adversity, and he reminds him of soldiering.
• 21:06 He goes on to say that no one who competes in athletics wins
• 21:13 unless they compete according to the rules.
• 21:18 And here again, there's a story that is played out against the
• 21:20 backdrop of Greco-Roman culture where individuals prized
• 21:26 athletic competition.
• 21:29 When competing, it's not good enough just to fight.
• 21:33 One must need to play out according to the rules.
• 21:38 Paul doesn't want Timothy to shortchange himself or his
• 21:41 hearers, disappoint Paul or disappoint his Savior.
• 21:45 Play by the rules, Timothy.
• 21:47 Thirdly, he goes on to give an analogy.
• 21:51 He says, "It's the hardworking farmer who ought to get the
• 21:55 first share of the crop."
• 21:59 Paul wants Timothy to work hard, to keep his focus, to not let
• 22:03 his verve and vitality diminish against life's troubles.
• 22:08 And as Paul's life is right up against the edge, he reminds him
• 22:12 in kind.
• 22:14 I think it's fascinating too that Paul says, "Listen, it's
• 22:17 the hardworking farmer who gets paid well."
• 22:20 You know, Paul himself, this rabbi from Tarsus, didn't stay
• 22:25 in Tarsus.
• 22:27 He caught a vision when he caught on to Yeshua with the net
• 22:30 result that he turned around and went beyond Tarsus to points
• 22:35 north and west and he kept pushing and pushing and pushing
• 22:40 the borders.
• 22:42 And now it's time to go.
• 22:44 But before he goes, he says to Timothy and to the world by
• 22:47 association, "I want you to know."
• 22:50 What he wanted Timothy to know, he wants you to know and me
• 22:53 to know, that is "to work hard, to be tough, to keep the faith,
• 22:58 to not give in."
• 22:59 This is the life and the message of the rabbi from Tarsus.
• 23:07 ♪♪♪
• 24:08 ♪ For Zion's sake I will not keep silent ♪
• 24:12 ♪ For Zion's sake I'll preach the Son ♪
• 24:16 ♪ Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God is one ♪
• 24:23 ♪ He gave to us his law ♪
• 24:26 ♪ He gave to us his Son ♪
• 24:30 ♪ Moriah, on Moriah, he gave his only Son ♪
• 24:37 ♪ Moriah, on Moriah, the sacrifice is done ♪
• 24:45 ♪ Messiah, our Messiah, you came to us alone ♪
• 24:52 ♪ Messiah, our Messiah ♪
• 24:56 ♪ Make all of us your own ♪♪
• 25:05 ♪♪♪
• 25:15 Jeffrey: At the risk of being misunderstood let me say I think
• 25:17 this series is so important.
• 25:20 I don't think that I'm important or that we're important.
• 25:23 I just think for covering Paul, the essence and substance of the
• 25:27 man and his message is so important 'cause he gets so much
• 25:31 to the core of what it means to be Christian.
• 25:34 Kirsten: Oh, to follow in the steps, not always
• 25:36 the easiest, though.
• 25:39 Jeffrey: That is true, not always easy, it's just so
• 25:40 important, there's so much diversity in thinking but Paul
• 25:45 just grounds us and what does it really mean to walk in the
• 25:49 footsteps of Israel's Messiah?
• 25:52 And even more important than what I say about him,
• 25:55 is our viewers just opening up his literature and reading him
• 25:59 and hearing him afresh.
• 26:01 I hope this series helps make him more meaningful to people.
• 26:04 David: Right, I think of maybe you as a mentor
• 26:08 to the police academy.
• 26:11 You're mentoring these folks, these guys and gals,
• 26:14 but they're watching your life.
• 26:16 Jeffrey: I've had two careers in life.
• 26:18 As a theologian, I have an opportunity as a Bible college
• 26:20 seminary professor, in my police vocation, with that.
• 26:23 Had an opportunity, have an opportunity to mentor
• 26:26 young officers.
• 26:28 I just think it's so important to help raise up a generation
• 26:29 and we see that with Paul.
• 26:32 Listen, speaking of what we see, to me a highlight in this whole
• 26:36 series are the dramatic vignettes that come along
• 26:38 with it.
• 26:41 We open up the Bible but we open up the Bible
• 26:42 in the biblical world.
• 26:45 Thank you for sending us there and if you find value in what we
• 26:49 do, let me tell you we're going back to that world and back to
• 26:51 that world.
• 26:53 We go back to the world, we go back to the Word to bring it
• 26:55 forth fresh.
• 26:57 Thank you for helping us. Please support us financially.
• 27:00 David: That's right, it's been a great series.
• 27:01 Thank you for your insight.
• 27:03 Kirsten: It has, always makes me a little sad when a good
• 27:05 series--they're all good--ends, But thank you.
• 27:07 David: Brand new series next week, can't wait.
• 27:08 Jeffrey: Yes, off we go, and as we go,
• 27:11 shaalu shalom Yerushalayim.
• 27:13 David: Pray for the peace of Jerusalem.
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• 28:05 ♪♪♪
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