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Caption transcript for The First Christians (2019): “Agriculture” (5/9)

• 00:01 Jeffrey Seif: Sociologists tell us that 150 years ago most social life in North America was centered on the home and the farm. Only a small percentage lived in cities. That was then, this is now, but let's go back to the farm today when "Zola Levitt Presents."
• 00:27 male announcer: "Brethren, my heart's desire and prayer to God
• 00:30 for Israel is that they might be saved.
• 00:34 For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek:
• 00:37 for the same Lord over all is rich unto all
• 00:40 that call upon him."
• 00:42 "Zola Levitt Presents."
• 00:44 ♪♪♪
• 00:53 David Hart: We're so glad you've joined us today
• 00:54 on "Zola Levitt Presents," I'm David Hart.
• 00:56 Kirsten Hart: I'm Kirsten Hart.
• 00:57 Jeffrey: I'm Jeffrey Seif, and I am pleased to introduce
• 01:00 you to the Zola Levitt version of "Green Acres."
• 01:04 Kirsten: Here we go back to the land.
• 01:06 It's all about agriculture today, and what I love about
• 01:09 that fact is the Israelite people worked the land
• 01:13 in the 1st century and in the kibbutz when they
• 01:16 came back in 1948.
• 01:18 Jeffrey: Yes, there's something about getting your hands dirty,
• 01:20 and we're gonna learn about that today.
• 01:22 David: That's right; let's go back 2,000 years now and
• 01:25 learn more about agriculture.
• 01:29 Zola Levitt: Preparation for wheat and barley planting began
• 01:32 about August by plowing the rocky soil
• 01:35 to destroy deadly thistles.
• 01:37 Sowing of the seed took place between October and December.
• 01:40 Barley was often planted as a backup crop because wheat was
• 01:44 and still is more susceptible to disease.
• 01:48 To give us perspective on the 1st century harvest, we are
• 01:51 joined now by an expert on Jewish history,
• 01:53 Dr. Chanoch Rosenblum.
• 01:57 Dr. Chanoch Rosenblum: Barley was the poor man's food.
• 01:59 It was mainly used for feeding animals,
• 02:02 but it was far more dependable than wheat; and if the wheat
• 02:05 crop would fail, at least there would be barley to depend upon.
• 02:10 Wheat fields also contained a great deal of tares.
• 02:14 Tares, which were very much like the wheat plant in its early
• 02:18 stages, would have to remain to grow alongside the wheat until
• 02:21 right before harvest time.
• 02:23 They would have to be separated and destroyed.
• 02:27 Zola: The Lord makes reference to these tares in his
• 02:29 parable of the sower in Matthew 13.
• 02:32 "Bind them in bundles to burn them," he says,
• 02:35 "but gather the wheat into the barn."
• 02:40 Well, the plowing and sowing have been done and,
• 02:42 as God provides the rain, it's time for harvest.
• 02:46 Dr. Rosenblum: We have now finally reached the stage that
• 02:48 everyone has been waiting for, the stage
• 02:51 of reaping and binding the sheaves.
• 02:54 This is truly a joyous time.
• 02:57 Period of uncertainty is finally over.
• 03:00 The reapers would extend and send out their sickle,
• 03:04 breaking the stalk and pulling it up by its roots.
• 03:07 They would bind the sheaves into large stacks and, mounting
• 03:11 them in the fields, they would allow them to
• 03:13 dry out over several days.
• 03:15 ♪♪♪
• 03:23 Dr. Rosenblum: After that, they would transport them by
• 03:25 pack mule to the threshing floor.
• 03:28 At this time of greatest joy, even the poor would be
• 03:31 remembered and the gleaners, men and women,
• 03:33 would enter the field and pick up those sheaves of grain that
• 03:38 had been dropped in the reaping process and those edges of the
• 03:42 field that had intentionally not been harvested.
• 03:47 Upon reaching the threshing floor, the stacks would be
• 03:49 undone and the sheaves would be scattered
• 03:52 all over the threshing floor.
• 03:58 The mule would be brought in and harnessed to the threshing
• 04:01 sledge; and on its underside, the threshing sledge would
• 04:04 consist of sharp, basalt-stone teeth, which,
• 04:08 when drawn across the floor, would break up the stalks
• 04:13 into straw and separate the kernels from the husks.
• 04:18 The chaff, being much lighter than the grain,
• 04:20 would blow off into the distance and the heavier grains would
• 04:23 fall to the floor to be gathered up and then put in sieves.
• 04:35 The sieving would further separate the impurities and the
• 04:38 chaff from the grains and after a great deal of sieving and
• 04:43 sifting, time would come for the grinding.
• 04:49 Once it was time to begin making flour, the grain would be placed
• 04:53 between the basalt millstones and the woman of the house
• 04:57 would begin the grinding process.
• 05:00 The flour would be sifted to remove any further impurities
• 05:05 and then the time would come to begin kneading the dough,
• 05:09 adding flour together with water.
• 05:11 A special kneading trough would be used.
• 05:17 A large metal baking pan was used in the 1st century, and the
• 05:21 dough would be flattened on this oval-shaped,
• 05:24 overturned pan and the dough would gradually brown and rise
• 05:30 and be removed from the pan once it became crisp.
• 05:37 [speaking foreign language]
• 05:43 Zola: Another fascinating phase of agricultural life
• 05:45 pertains to the olive trees, which are often
• 05:47 referred to in the Scriptures.
• 05:49 As we mentioned in last week's program, the importance of
• 05:52 these trees in the 1st century cannot be overstressed.
• 05:56 Dr. Rosenblum: The olive is a very special tree.
• 05:58 It epitomizes the Spirit of the Lord; and for that reason,
• 06:02 in ancient times it was forbidden to cut it down.
• 06:07 There is the shoot which comes up from its roots,
• 06:09 which is known as the netzer, and the word for Christian,
• 06:13 notzri, derives from this offshoot from the roots.
• 06:18 It was generally guarded.
• 06:19 Two or three shoots would be kept aside,
• 06:22 the rest would be destroyed, and then it
• 06:24 would later be transplanted.
• 06:27 Because most of the olive trees here are wild and produce very
• 06:32 few olives, it was in the natural order of things that
• 06:36 cultivated olive trees would be grafted onto the wild stock.
• 06:41 The wild tree was more resistant to disease, better able
• 06:44 to cope with drought and all sorts of other pestilence.
• 06:49 Olive trees can be grafted in quite a number of ways.
• 06:54 One of the more common ways used in the 1st century would be to
• 06:57 lop off the wild branches and then, in crown-like fashion, to
• 07:03 take offshoots of a cultivated tree and graft them onto the
• 07:09 stump of the wild tree.
• 07:11 The offshoot would then be tied with flax and be allowed to
• 07:17 remain tied to the tree until the graft itself took.
• 07:21 The flax would also serve to prevent the young offshoots
• 07:24 from drying out in the sun.
• 07:26 ♪♪♪
• 07:34 Dr. Rosenblum: A fascinating plant which was known in ancient
• 07:36 times and was very well-known to people in the 1st century is the
• 07:41 menorah or salvia or moriah plant in mountainous regions and
• 07:47 in the plain areas, and it very much represents and looks like
• 07:51 the menorah or the candelabra in the temple.
• 07:54 And in its flowering stage, it also gives off
• 07:56 a very pleasant fragrance.
• 08:04 Zola: Well, this is an olive press,
• 08:06 and this is a cultivated olive tree.
• 08:09 This is Israel in Paul's language, the cultivated tree,
• 08:13 and if we teach nothing else from the great
• 08:17 Romans 11 chapter of the grafting in of the branch of the
• 08:21 olive tree, we should say this much: "If some of the branches
• 08:24 be broken off, and thou, being a wild olive tree," addressed to
• 08:28 the Gentiles, "were grafted in among them,
• 08:31 and with them partakest of the root and fatness of the olive
• 08:34 tree; boast not against the branches."
• 08:37 We're having a time of Jewish revival and Jewish people
• 08:41 are coming to churches.
• 08:42 And occasionally one hears an objection,
• 08:45 not unlike the objections in Acts 11 when the church fathers
• 08:49 heard of Cornelius and the Gentiles starting to come into
• 08:53 the church when Peter witnessed there.
• 08:56 Nothing really changes, as Solomon said,
• 08:58 nothing new under the sun.
• 09:01 There were three harvest seasons each year in Israel,
• 09:04 there still are, and when we talk about the fruitfulness of
• 09:08 this land and its harvests, we're reminded of
• 09:11 these great harvest festivals.
• 09:13 They were all about planting and harvest.
• 09:16 In the spring you had Passover, Unleavened
• 09:19 Bread, and First Fruits.
• 09:21 In the summer, in June we would say,
• 09:23 late May, Shavuot, what we call Pentecost.
• 09:27 This would be the middle harvest of the year,
• 09:32 somewhat larger than the first fruits harvest.
• 09:35 And then, finally, in the fall with the Feast of Trumpets,
• 09:39 the Day of Atonement, and the Feast of Tabernacles,
• 09:42 three more festivals at the fall harvest time.
• 09:46 Now, in the first one, we established the idea of first
• 09:50 fruits in the Promised Land.
• 09:52 The Promised Land was a deadly place
• 09:55 when Jacob and his family went down into Egypt.
• 09:57 If you recall, the reason was real famine,
• 10:00 drought in Canaan, and they were invited down into Egypt.
• 10:05 Pharaoh gave them housing in the land of Goshen and so on.
• 10:09 He was glad to meet the family of his intelligent assistant,
• 10:13 Joseph, if you remember the Bible story, and things
• 10:17 deteriorated in relationship as time went on,
• 10:20 and we all know of the story of the Exodus.
• 10:23 And the Hebrews had become slaves,
• 10:25 finally coming out to go back to the Promised Land.
• 10:28 But were there some intelligent historians among them who
• 10:31 said, "Now, wait a minute.
• 10:33 Why are we going to Canaan?
• 10:34 My great-grandfather said Canaan is hopeless, and we came down
• 10:38 here because even the cattle couldn't eat in Canaan.
• 10:41 Why are we heading back there?"
• 10:43 And Joshua sent spies into the land, or spies were sent.
• 10:46 Joshua and Caleb came back with a bunch of grapes that it took
• 10:52 the two of them to carry on a pole.
• 10:54 That is the symbol of the Ministry of Tourism in Israel
• 10:57 today and a picture used throughout the world are the two
• 11:00 weighed down with a pole carrying a bunch of grapes.
• 11:04 So, God had signaled them beforehand in the Exodus that
• 11:07 the Promised Land would be fruitful, and when they returned
• 11:11 he asked only for a thank offering.
• 11:14 In Leviticus 23:10 to 12, he says, "When ye be come into the
• 11:19 land and you reap the firstfruits of your harvest,
• 11:23 then bring a sample of those to the temple and that the
• 11:27 priest may wave it for you before the Lord."
• 11:30 In other words, "Thanks, Lord.
• 11:31 This came out of that ground that my forefather Jacob had to
• 11:35 abandon, and it's growing fine, and I appreciate it."
• 11:38 That kind of an offering.
• 11:40 It has great import to the Christian.
• 11:44 That is, Paul pointed out that the firstfruits
• 11:49 really pertain to resurrection.
• 11:52 1 Corinthians 15:22 he says, "In Adam all die,
• 11:56 so in Christ we'll all be made alive again.
• 11:58 But each man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits."
• 12:03 The Lord observed firstfruits in his own special way.
• 12:06 In one of our other programs, we alluded in this series to the
• 12:11 phenomenal happening of Matthew 27:52 and 53.
• 12:16 At the time of his resurrection, graves opened and people were
• 12:19 walking in the streets of Jerusalem who were
• 12:23 known--I mean, they were dead.
• 12:25 They were now alive and walking in the streets at the time of
• 12:28 his resurrection, on the Sunday after Passover, firstfruits.
• 12:32 Well, this had to pertain to his thank offering.
• 12:37 He was a good Jew who kept every festival,
• 12:39 and he owed an offering that day,
• 12:41 but Jesus is not a farmer who raises crops.
• 12:43 He raises people, and so on that day, he raised a few.
• 12:48 Well, as the year goes on, then, we count 50 days from
• 12:54 firstfruits and come to what is called in Israel Shavuot,
• 12:57 the Festival of Weeks in Greek 50 days, Pentecost, and on
• 13:02 that day, there was another great spiritual harvest.
• 13:07 There is a harvest at that time.
• 13:11 Crops are ready in late May, early June to be taken,
• 13:14 and so the Holy Spirit came, and he harvested 3,000 souls.
• 13:20 It was not a haphazard number.
• 13:22 At that original Pentecost, it's so-called to be Pentecost when
• 13:26 the law came down from Mount Sinai in the Exodus.
• 13:31 You can recall there was awful paganism going on.
• 13:34 The chosen people made a golden calf, and they were
• 13:38 worshiping an idol even as Moses was busy with God on
• 13:42 the mountain, and the Levites, with God's blessing, went
• 13:45 through the crowd and slew these pagan worshipers.
• 13:49 And how many did they kill that day?
• 13:51 Exodus 32:28 tells us 3,000.
• 13:55 God is a good bookkeeper, and he gave them
• 13:57 back exactly 3,000 souls.
• 13:59 As the New Testament tells us, the letter kills.
• 14:02 The Spirit gives life.
• 14:04 [speaking foreign language]
• 14:09 ♪♪♪
• 14:15 [speaking foreign language]
• 14:22 announcer: Our offer on this program is the first three
• 14:24 courses in The Institute of Jewish Christian Studies
• 14:28 compiled by Zola Levitt and Dr. Jeffrey Seif.
• 14:31 These shortened college-level mini courses include "Old
• 14:34 Testament Survey," "New Testament Survey,"
• 14:37 and "Jewish History."
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• 15:34 Kirsten: Now let's go back to 1995 to hear more teaching from
• 15:38 our founder, Zola Levitt.
• 15:43 Zola: All through the summer, the crops grow here,
• 15:45 as they do anywhere, and the by the time of around the fall
• 15:49 feasts, it is time for the major harvest of the year.
• 15:53 When the Feast of Trumpets comes around, it is technically
• 15:57 supposed to stop the harvest.
• 15:58 That is, when the trumpet sounds, the fieldwork is over
• 16:02 and it's time to get to the temple and worship.
• 16:04 Likewise in the Scripture, when the trumpet sounds, the
• 16:08 rapture of the church occurs.
• 16:10 The witnessing and testifying is over.
• 16:14 In an analogy people could well see,
• 16:17 the Lord spoke of workers in a field.
• 16:20 Let us say there is a Jewish field here and a Palestinian
• 16:24 field here and everyone is harvesting as they can to get in
• 16:28 the last of the crops and the trumpet sounds.
• 16:30 That is, a trumpet blown at the temple site and repeated
• 16:33 throughout the land to signal the end of the harvest.
• 16:36 While the Israeli would come in from the field and go to attend
• 16:40 to his worship, the Arab would continue to harvest,
• 16:43 and so the Lord said, "Where there are two working in a
• 16:45 field, I take one and leave the other."
• 16:50 1 Thessalonians 4:16, the great Scripture of the rapture of the
• 16:53 church, is the fulfillment of the Feast of Trumpets.
• 16:56 Of course, the trumpet has always been a sign of
• 16:59 deliverance from when Isaac was spared by a ram getting caught
• 17:02 by his horn in the bush.
• 17:04 A ram's horn is the first trumpet to Joshua at Jericho,
• 17:07 to the trumpet that sounds, that we shall not all sleep,
• 17:12 we shall all be changed, and so on after the trumpet
• 17:16 of the Rapture, the trumpets in Revelation, and so on.
• 17:19 A trumpet signals these great denouements and a
• 17:21 trumpet stops the harvest.
• 17:24 The parable of the fig tree is another approach that the Lord
• 17:29 made to illustrate the idea of fruitfulness
• 17:35 as an idea of faith.
• 17:38 You know, the story is he was coming from Bethany.
• 17:41 We read in Matthew 21:18.
• 17:43 "Now in the morning as he returned
• 17:45 into the city, he hungered.
• 17:47 And when he saw a fig tree in the way,
• 17:49 he came to it, and he found nothing thereon
• 17:52 but leaves only, and said unto it,
• 17:55 'Let no fruit grow on thee henceforth forever.'
• 17:59 And presently the fig tree withered away."
• 18:02 People think, "Well, my goodness.
• 18:04 The Lord should be more patient," et cetera.
• 18:05 May not have been the time for the fig,
• 18:07 so, obviously, he is teaching a greater lesson here.
• 18:10 Let's go on.
• 18:12 "Jesus answered and said unto them, 'Verily I say unto
• 18:15 you, If ye have faith, and doubt not, ye shall not only do
• 18:19 this which is done to the fig tree, but also if ye
• 18:22 shall say unto this mountain, "Be thou removed, and be
• 18:26 thou cast into the sea;" it shall be done.
• 18:29 And all things, whatsoever ye shall ask in prayer,
• 18:32 believing, ye shall receive.'"
• 18:34 And, of course, that word "believe," it is a big one.
• 18:38 He was teaching that, you know, we're surrounded with Pharisees
• 18:41 and with all sorts of self-made moralists who displayed only
• 18:45 leaves: outside beauty, outside religion, and it goes on today.
• 18:50 Reaching those leaves there's just no fruit,
• 18:53 and he describes, in a sense, the self-made church or
• 18:58 synagogue member who is ultimately hypocritical because
• 19:01 underneath, there's nothing there to nourish.
• 19:07 You know, there were two kinds of people in
• 19:10 Jerusalem when he came.
• 19:12 Matthew 21 illustrates--we mention it often
• 19:14 'cause it's worth mentioning.
• 19:17 If I read in the same chapter verses 9 to 11,
• 19:20 this is when he came down the Mount of Olives and then the
• 19:22 people shouted, "Baruch haba B'shem Adonai."
• 19:25 "Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord."
• 19:28 This is the answer to Zechariah's
• 19:29 prophecy in Zechariah 9:9.
• 19:32 "Behold, thy King cometh unto thee;
• 19:34 just and lowly and having salvation and riding upon an
• 19:38 ass, even the foal of an ass."
• 19:40 Jesus came down the mountain on the donkey, and here's the story
• 19:43 as recorded in Matthew 21:9.
• 19:46 "And the multitudes that went before, and that followed,
• 19:50 cried, saying, 'Hosanna to the son of David: Blessed
• 19:53 is he that cometh in the name of the Lord;
• 19:55 Hosanna in the highest.'"
• 19:57 Hosanna, the Hebrew word "hoshiana," save us.
• 20:01 These people undoubtedly were saved.
• 20:04 "And when he was coming to Jerusalem," however, compare
• 20:07 this, "all the city was moved, saying, 'Who is this?'
• 20:11 And the multitude," these are people who did not go to the
• 20:13 mountain, did not wave a palm and did not say, "Blessed is he
• 20:17 who comes in the name of the Lord."
• 20:18 They're just people in the city.
• 20:20 They said, "This is Jesus the prophet of Nazareth of Galilee."
• 20:27 What an underestimation, merely a prophet,
• 20:30 so we still have these two groups.
• 20:32 We have two groups of people who recognize who he is.
• 20:35 We have a confessing.
• 20:38 Some make it a confessing versus professing church.
• 20:41 Confessors are guilty of their sins and
• 20:44 come to him for salvation.
• 20:46 Professors enjoy saying his name and building magnificent
• 20:49 buildings to him, playing fine music to him, and mentioning him
• 20:54 in passing, and merely professing and not confessing.
• 21:00 That is the two groups.
• 21:02 They were there in the Mount of Olives.
• 21:03 They're in your town today.
• 21:06 Well, the festival year finally comes to an end and all the
• 21:10 fruitfulness is about over at the Feast of Tabernacles,
• 21:13 and, oh, this year it will be late October and so on.
• 21:16 The harvest very well end and the rain's about to come and
• 21:21 nourish the land for the winter, and the Tabernacles is
• 21:24 really a festival of thanksgiving.
• 21:27 Ultimately, the Lord is to be thanked
• 21:29 as he was at First Fruits.
• 21:30 Not now for the beginning of the harvest but the end,
• 21:33 the most profitable time, the time when all crops are in.
• 21:37 Tabernacles, the thanksgiving festival, ends the harvest and,
• 21:41 of course, it's symbolic of the kingdom to come.
• 21:44 The Lord always acted on feast days to do
• 21:47 the most enormous things.
• 21:50 He was crucified on Passover, buried on Unleavened Bread,
• 21:53 raised on First Fruits, sent the Holy Spirit at Pentecost.
• 21:56 You'll have the rapture of the church at Trumpets and at the
• 22:00 Day of Atonement they shall look upon him whom they've pierced,
• 22:03 the Second Coming, and finally the Feast of Tabernacles
• 22:06 reminiscent and symbolic of the kingdom to come.
• 22:11 [singing in Hebrew]
• 22:21 [singing in Hebrew]
• 22:31 [singing in Hebrew]
• 22:41 [singing in Hebrew]
• 22:51 [singing in Hebrew]
• 23:01 [singing in Hebrew]
• 23:11 [singing in Hebrew]
• 23:21 [singing in Hebrew]
• 23:31 [singing in Hebrew]
• 23:41 [singing in Hebrew]
• 23:51 [singing in Hebrew]
• 24:01 [singing in Hebrew]
• 24:11 [singing in Hebrew]
• 24:21 [singing in Hebrew]
• 24:31 [singing in Hebrew]
• 24:41 [singing in Hebrew]
• 24:51 [singing in Hebrew]
• 25:01 [singing in Hebrew]
• 25:11 [singing in Hebrew]
• 25:24 Kirsten: Always a treat to hear Zipporah play and sing.
• 25:27 She's still making music in the Holy Land.
• 25:29 Check out her website. That was 1995.
• 25:33 Jeffrey: Yes, and it wasn't just Zola Levitt presenting.
• 25:35 There were a number of people that participated.
• 25:38 Speaking of which and speaking of agriculture, there's a Jewish
• 25:41 prayer: "Barukh ata Adonai Eloheinu,
• 25:43 melekh ha'olam, hamotzi lehem min ha'aretz."
• 25:46 It's said at every meal.
• 25:47 It's thanking God for bringing forth the bread from the earth,
• 25:50 but the truth of the matter is God doesn't just bring forth the
• 25:53 bread from the earth alone.
• 25:55 What happens is people cultivate it out of the soil.
• 25:58 They sow the seeds at the right time, they pull it out
• 26:01 at the right time, and they process it and make it,
• 26:04 so that way there's a good meal for all, and I wanna thank you
• 26:08 for helping us to do just that together.
• 26:11 Hopefully, we're pulling some good stuff out of the earth,
• 26:14 out of the Word of God.
• 26:16 Speaking of which, there's a great prophecy,
• 26:18 netzer, in Isaiah chapter 11, that the Messiah himself springs
• 26:23 up out of a stump, out of the earth, if you will.
• 26:26 Interesting, yes?
• 26:27 David: Right; we're in Galilee today in this program.
• 26:30 It's all about agriculture.
• 26:32 I think there is prophecy involved in this, would you say?
• 26:35 Jeffrey: Prophesy in what sense?
• 26:36 David: In agriculture even today of what's happening, blooming.
• 26:41 Jeffrey: Well, to the nation of Israel itself, predicted is--
• 26:44 that the desert will blossom; and to your point, we certainly
• 26:47 see it bearing fruit today.
• 26:49 David: It's still happening.
• 26:50 Kirsten: Right, as in the olive tree that branch is
• 26:54 grafted in, which is what we're doing right
• 26:56 here on "Zola Levitt Presents."
• 26:57 Jeffrey: Yes, it is, and we thank you for all the branches.
• 27:01 Thank you, thank you, thank you.
• 27:02 Hey, let's do this again next week, but as you go now,
• 27:05 sha'alu shalom Yerushalayim.
• 27:08 Kirsten: Pray for the peace of Jerusalem.
• 27:10 [singing in foreign language]
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